Trojan horses may protect Campylobacter

Campylobacter bacteria are still common on intensive poultry farms in spite of rigorous cleaning and disinfectant regimes, and many strains are resistant to antibiotics, creating problems for doctors trying to treat patients with this type of food poisoning.


Campylobacter, primarily C. jejuni, is the third leading cause of death from foodborne infections in the world. Campylobacteriosis can be caught by eating undercooked infected chicken, or food cross-contaminated by infected chicken.


"We could not understand how Campylobacter could survive since it is usually killed by disinfectants," says Dr Bill Snelling of the University of Ulster in Coleraine, Northern Ireland.


"We discovered that the bacteria are hiding in Trojan horses called protozoa. This group of larger microbes, which live in water and feed on bacteria, are like the ones you can see through microscopes when you go pond dipping as a child," says Dr Snelling. "We found many different protozoa in the farm water supplies of intensively reared poultry, and we also found the Campylobacter bacteria".


Laboratory experiments showed that protozoa actually protect the Campylobacter - the bacteria were absorbed, but not killed or digested as expected. The bacteria could stay alive inside the protozoa for up to two days, even with the addition of disinfectant.


Now that the scientists know where the organism hides, they are hoping to identify better ways to kill it, eliminating it from the food chain.


The scientists believe that Campylobacter may not be the only disease-causing bacteria using protozoa as a protective mechanism.